An Inter digital- Poison Ivy Leaf Shaped Filtenna with Multiple Defects in Ground for S-Band bandwidth Applications

The proposed work, a filtenna for s band application is implemented. It is designed by embedding an Interdigital band pass filter (IDBPF) and leaf shaped antenna which are operated in S band. The IDFBPF is having seven resonators with one end shorted through dual vias. It offers a bandwidth of 1.3GHz from 1.65GHz to 2.95GHz.  A Dumbbell shaped DGS (Defected Ground Structure) provided in ground to improve the filter characteristics.  Measured pass (BRL) band return loss (S11) & insertion loss (S12) are -18dB & -4.6dB correspondingly. Further, leaf shaped antenna is designed based on modified polar transformation equation; it has 2.7 GHz bandwidth from 1.3 GH to 3 GHz and has a gain of -5.45dBi, and return loss (S11) of -19.5 dB. The filtenna is obtained by integrating the IDBBPF in the fodder line of the leaf designed antenna. The final model has 1.2 GHz operating bandwidth from 02.30 GHz to 03.50 GHz with peak arrival damages at 2.4GHz and 3.1GHz with -20dB and-24dB respectively. The designed filtenna has a pass band gain of -5.3dBi. The shift in operating band is due to combining the filter with antenna. The proposed model is invented on FR4 substrate having a wideness of 01.60 mm and having a dimension of 0.25 0.58 ?02. In this final model two complementary slip ring resonators (CSRR) are used in addition with four dumbbell structures as defects in the ground plane to avoid ripples in return loss (S11) graph. A high degree of concordance exists between empirically measured and simulated outcomes. The radiation band is showing its application in S band wireless mobile communications, Wi-Fi and ISM 2.4GHz band

Design and Analysis of High Speed Multiply and Accumulation Unit for Digital Signal Processing Applications

Unit for Digital Signal Processing Applications   Kausar Jahan1, Pala Kalyani2, V Satya Sai3, GRK Prasad4, Syed Inthiyaz5, Sk Hasane Ahammad6 1Department of ECE, Dadi Institute of Engineering and Technology Anakapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India 2Department of ECE, Vardhaman College of Engineering Kacharam, Shamshabad, India 3Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur, India-522502 4Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur, India-522502 5Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur, India-522502 6Department of ECE, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Guntur, India-522502   Abstract—The fundamental component used in many of the Digital signal Processing (DSP) applications are Multiply and Accumulation Unit (MAC). In the literature, a multiplier consists of greater number of full adders and half adder in partial product reduction stage, which increases the hardware complexity and critical path delay to MAC unit. To overcome this problem, two novel multipliers are proposed in this article. The proposed multipliers are designed and implemented in hardware, which reduces the circuit complexity and improves the overall performance of the MAC unit with less delay. The proposed multipliers are compared with the 4-bit existing designs and observed that the number of slices Look Up Tables (LUTs) are minimized from 113 to 43, Slices are reduced from 46 to 14, Full Adders (FAs) are lessened from 28 to 23, bonded Input Output Blocks (IOBs) and Half Adders (HAs) were not altered. The time delay is reduced from 14.251ns to 7.876ns. The proposed multipliers are compared in the literature with the 8-bit multiplier, then the number of Slice LUTs are reduced from 510 to 231, Slices are reduced from 218 to 113, FAs are reduced from 120 to 110, HAs are reduced from 56 to 39, time delay is reduced from 26.228ns to12.748ns, but bonded IOBs count remains same. The synthesis and simulations results are verified by using Xilinx ISE 14.7 version tool

Hybrid Autonomous Vehicle (Aerial and Grounded)

This work discusses hybrid autonomous vehicles that are grounded and aerial vehicles that are utilized to select their course based on their environmental characteristics. It includes algorithms for path planning, obstacle avoidance, and trajectory planning. It also has a microcontroller, known as the PIXHAWK Flight Controller, for various transmissions and configurations. Calibration and testing are performed using Mission Planner software. This article shows the different problematic features of an autonomous vehicle with several functionalities

Flower image segmentation with PCA fused colored covariance and gabor texture features based level sets

This paper presents a framework for segmenting flower images captured with a digital camera. Segmenting flowers from images is a complex problem attributed to translation, scaling, rotation with variable backgrounds in each captured image. We propose to solve this problem using principle component analysis based color texture fusion as a prior parameter for level set evolution (FCTAC). First, Color Gabor textures (CGT) and Color Level Covariance Matrix (CLCM) texture features are extracted. Principle component analysis based fusion constructs a color discriminative texture as a knowledge base with convex energy function for active contours without edges. The proposed global segmentation framework with fused textures will avoid the local minimums during curve evolution. We test the proposed segmentation model on the benchmark oxford flower image dataset and our own dataset. The results of FCTAC were tested against the state-of-the-art methods in accuracy and efficiency. Keywords: Flower image segmentation, Color Level Covariance matrix, Gabor textures, Colored texture Fusion, Principle component analysis, Active contour

Flower segmentation with level sets evolution controlled by colour, texture and shape features

This work proposes a pre-informed Chan vese based level sets algorithm. Pre information includes objects colour, texture and shape fused features. The aim is to use this algorithm to segment flower images and extract meaningful features that will help is classification of floral content. Shape pre-information modelling is handled manually using advance image processing tools. Local binary patterns features makeup texture pre-information and Red, Green and Blue colour channels of the object provide colour pre-information. All pre-defined object information is fused together to for high dimension subspace defining object characteristics. Testing of the algorithm on flower images datasets show a jump in information content in the resulting segmentation output compared to other models in the category. Segmentation of flowers is important for recognition, classification and quality assessment to ever increasing volumes in floral markets